public class KeyStore extends Object
A KeyStore
manages different types of entries.
Each type of entry implements the KeyStore.Entry
interface.
Three basic KeyStore.Entry
implementations are provided:
This type of entry holds a cryptographic PrivateKey
,
which is optionally stored in a protected format to prevent
unauthorized access. It is also accompanied by a certificate chain
for the corresponding public key.
Private keys and certificate chains are used by a given entity for self-authentication. Applications for this authentication include software distribution organizations which sign JAR files as part of releasing and/or licensing software.
This type of entry holds a cryptographic SecretKey
,
which is optionally stored in a protected format to prevent
unauthorized access.
This type of entry contains a single public key Certificate
belonging to another party. It is called a trusted certificate
because the keystore owner trusts that the public key in the certificate
indeed belongs to the identity identified by the subject (owner)
of the certificate.
This type of entry can be used to authenticate other parties.
Each entry in a keystore is identified by an "alias" string. In the case of private keys and their associated certificate chains, these strings distinguish among the different ways in which the entity may authenticate itself. For example, the entity may authenticate itself using different certificate authorities, or using different public key algorithms.
Whether aliases are case sensitive is implementation dependent. In order to avoid problems, it is recommended not to use aliases in a KeyStore that only differ in case.
Whether keystores are persistent, and the mechanisms used by the keystore if it is persistent, are not specified here. This allows use of a variety of techniques for protecting sensitive (e.g., private or secret) keys. Smart cards or other integrated cryptographic engines (SafeKeyper) are one option, and simpler mechanisms such as files may also be used (in a variety of formats).
Typical ways to request a KeyStore object include relying on the default type and providing a specific keystore type.
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());The system will return a keystore implementation for the default type.
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");The system will return the most preferred implementation of the specified keystore type available in the environment.
Before a keystore can be accessed, it must be
loaded
.
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); // get user password and file input stream char[] password = getPassword(); java.io.FileInputStream fis = null; try { fis = new java.io.FileInputStream("keyStoreName"); ks.load(fis, password); } finally { if (fis != null) { fis.close(); } }To create an empty keystore using the above
load
method,
pass null
as the InputStream
argument.
Once the keystore has been loaded, it is possible to read existing entries from the keystore, or to write new entries into the keystore:
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter protParam = new KeyStore.PasswordProtection(password); // get my private key KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry pkEntry = (KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry) ks.getEntry("privateKeyAlias", protParam); PrivateKey myPrivateKey = pkEntry.getPrivateKey(); // save my secret key javax.crypto.SecretKey mySecretKey; KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry skEntry = new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry(mySecretKey); ks.setEntry("secretKeyAlias", skEntry, protParam); // store away the keystore java.io.FileOutputStream fos = null; try { fos = new java.io.FileOutputStream("newKeyStoreName"); ks.store(fos, password); } finally { if (fos != null) { fos.close(); } }Note that although the same password may be used to load the keystore, to protect the private key entry, to protect the secret key entry, and to store the keystore (as is shown in the sample code above), different passwords or other protection parameters may also be used.
Every implementation of the Java platform is required to support
the following standard KeyStore
type:
PrivateKey
,
SecretKey
,
Certificate
Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
---|---|
static class |
KeyStore.Builder
A description of a to-be-instantiated KeyStore object.
|
static class |
KeyStore.CallbackHandlerProtection
A ProtectionParameter encapsulating a CallbackHandler.
|
static interface |
KeyStore.Entry
A marker interface for
KeyStore entry types. |
static interface |
KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter
|
static class |
KeyStore.PasswordProtection
A password-based implementation of
ProtectionParameter . |
static class |
KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry
A
KeyStore entry that holds a PrivateKey
and corresponding certificate chain. |
static interface |
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter
A marker interface for keystore protection parameters.
|
static class |
KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry
A
KeyStore entry that holds a SecretKey . |
static class |
KeyStore.TrustedCertificateEntry
A
KeyStore entry that holds a trusted
Certificate . |
Modifier | Constructor and Description |
---|---|
protected |
KeyStore(KeyStoreSpi keyStoreSpi,
Provider provider,
String type)
Creates a KeyStore object of the given type, and encapsulates the given
provider implementation (SPI object) in it.
|
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
---|---|
Enumeration<String> |
aliases()
Lists all the alias names of this keystore.
|
boolean |
containsAlias(String alias)
Checks if the given alias exists in this keystore.
|
void |
deleteEntry(String alias)
Deletes the entry identified by the given alias from this keystore.
|
boolean |
entryInstanceOf(String alias,
Class<? extends KeyStore.Entry> entryClass)
Determines if the keystore
Entry for the specified
alias is an instance or subclass of the specified
entryClass . |
Certificate |
getCertificate(String alias)
Returns the certificate associated with the given alias.
|
String |
getCertificateAlias(Certificate cert)
Returns the (alias) name of the first keystore entry whose certificate
matches the given certificate.
|
Certificate[] |
getCertificateChain(String alias)
Returns the certificate chain associated with the given alias.
|
Date |
getCreationDate(String alias)
Returns the creation date of the entry identified by the given alias.
|
static String |
getDefaultType()
Returns the default keystore type as specified in the Java security
properties file, or the string
"jks" (acronym for "Java keystore")
if no such property exists.
|
KeyStore.Entry |
getEntry(String alias,
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter protParam)
Gets a keystore
Entry for the specified alias
with the specified protection parameter. |
static KeyStore |
getInstance(String type)
Returns a keystore object of the specified type.
|
static KeyStore |
getInstance(String type,
Provider provider)
Returns a keystore object of the specified type.
|
static KeyStore |
getInstance(String type,
String provider)
Returns a keystore object of the specified type.
|
Key |
getKey(String alias,
char[] password)
Returns the key associated with the given alias, using the given
password to recover it.
|
Provider |
getProvider()
Returns the provider of this keystore.
|
String |
getType()
Returns the type of this keystore.
|
boolean |
isCertificateEntry(String alias)
Returns true if the entry identified by the given alias
was created by a call to
setCertificateEntry ,
or created by a call to setEntry with a
TrustedCertificateEntry . |
boolean |
isKeyEntry(String alias)
Returns true if the entry identified by the given alias
was created by a call to
setKeyEntry ,
or created by a call to setEntry with a
PrivateKeyEntry or a SecretKeyEntry . |
void |
load(InputStream stream,
char[] password)
Loads this KeyStore from the given input stream.
|
void |
load(KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter param)
Loads this keystore using the given
LoadStoreParameter . |
void |
setCertificateEntry(String alias,
Certificate cert)
Assigns the given trusted certificate to the given alias.
|
void |
setEntry(String alias,
KeyStore.Entry entry,
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter protParam)
Saves a keystore
Entry under the specified alias. |
void |
setKeyEntry(String alias,
byte[] key,
Certificate[] chain)
Assigns the given key (that has already been protected) to the given
alias.
|
void |
setKeyEntry(String alias,
Key key,
char[] password,
Certificate[] chain)
Assigns the given key to the given alias, protecting it with the given
password.
|
int |
size()
Retrieves the number of entries in this keystore.
|
void |
store(KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter param)
Stores this keystore using the given
LoadStoreParameter . |
void |
store(OutputStream stream,
char[] password)
Stores this keystore to the given output stream, and protects its
integrity with the given password.
|
protected KeyStore(KeyStoreSpi keyStoreSpi, Provider provider, String type)
keyStoreSpi
- the provider implementation.provider
- the provider.type
- the keystore type.public static KeyStore getInstance(String type) throws KeyStoreException
This method traverses the list of registered security Providers, starting with the most preferred Provider. A new KeyStore object encapsulating the KeyStoreSpi implementation from the first Provider that supports the specified type is returned.
Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
the Security.getProviders()
method.
type
- the type of keystore.
See the KeyStore section in the
Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation
for information about standard keystore types.KeyStoreException
- if no Provider supports a
KeyStoreSpi implementation for the
specified type.Provider
public static KeyStore getInstance(String type, String provider) throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchProviderException
A new KeyStore object encapsulating the KeyStoreSpi implementation from the specified provider is returned. The specified provider must be registered in the security provider list.
Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
the Security.getProviders()
method.
type
- the type of keystore.
See the KeyStore section in the
Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation
for information about standard keystore types.provider
- the name of the provider.KeyStoreException
- if a KeyStoreSpi
implementation for the specified type is not
available from the specified provider.NoSuchProviderException
- if the specified provider is not
registered in the security provider list.IllegalArgumentException
- if the provider name is null
or empty.Provider
public static KeyStore getInstance(String type, Provider provider) throws KeyStoreException
A new KeyStore object encapsulating the KeyStoreSpi implementation from the specified Provider object is returned. Note that the specified Provider object does not have to be registered in the provider list.
type
- the type of keystore.
See the KeyStore section in the
Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation
for information about standard keystore types.provider
- the provider.KeyStoreException
- if KeyStoreSpi
implementation for the specified type is not available
from the specified Provider object.IllegalArgumentException
- if the specified provider is null.Provider
public static final String getDefaultType()
The default keystore type can be used by applications that do not
want to use a hard-coded keystore type when calling one of the
getInstance
methods, and want to provide a default keystore
type in case a user does not specify its own.
The default keystore type can be changed by setting the value of the "keystore.type" security property (in the Java security properties file) to the desired keystore type.
public final Provider getProvider()
public final String getType()
public final Key getKey(String alias, char[] password) throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableKeyException
setKeyEntry
,
or by a call to setEntry
with a
PrivateKeyEntry
or SecretKeyEntry
.alias
- the alias namepassword
- the password for recovering the keyKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if the algorithm for recovering the
key cannot be foundUnrecoverableKeyException
- if the key cannot be recovered
(e.g., the given password is wrong).public final Certificate[] getCertificateChain(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
setKeyEntry
,
or by a call to setEntry
with a
PrivateKeyEntry
.alias
- the alias nameKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final Certificate getCertificate(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
If the given alias name identifies an entry
created by a call to setCertificateEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
TrustedCertificateEntry
,
then the trusted certificate contained in that entry is returned.
If the given alias name identifies an entry
created by a call to setKeyEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
PrivateKeyEntry
,
then the first element of the certificate chain in that entry
is returned.
alias
- the alias nameKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final Date getCreationDate(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
alias
- the alias nameKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final void setKeyEntry(String alias, Key key, char[] password, Certificate[] chain) throws KeyStoreException
If the given key is of type java.security.PrivateKey
,
it must be accompanied by a certificate chain certifying the
corresponding public key.
If the given alias already exists, the keystore information associated with it is overridden by the given key (and possibly certificate chain).
alias
- the alias namekey
- the key to be associated with the aliaspassword
- the password to protect the keychain
- the certificate chain for the corresponding public
key (only required if the given key is of type
java.security.PrivateKey
).KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded), the given key cannot be protected, or this operation fails
for some other reasonpublic final void setKeyEntry(String alias, byte[] key, Certificate[] chain) throws KeyStoreException
If the protected key is of type
java.security.PrivateKey
, it must be accompanied by a
certificate chain certifying the corresponding public key. If the
underlying keystore implementation is of type jks
,
key
must be encoded as an
EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
as defined in the PKCS #8 standard.
If the given alias already exists, the keystore information associated with it is overridden by the given key (and possibly certificate chain).
alias
- the alias namekey
- the key (in protected format) to be associated with the aliaschain
- the certificate chain for the corresponding public
key (only useful if the protected key is of type
java.security.PrivateKey
).KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded), or if this operation fails for some other reason.public final void setCertificateEntry(String alias, Certificate cert) throws KeyStoreException
If the given alias identifies an existing entry
created by a call to setCertificateEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
TrustedCertificateEntry
,
the trusted certificate in the existing entry
is overridden by the given certificate.
alias
- the alias namecert
- the certificateKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized,
or the given alias already exists and does not identify an
entry containing a trusted certificate,
or this operation fails for some other reason.public final void deleteEntry(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
alias
- the alias nameKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized,
or if the entry cannot be removed.public final Enumeration<String> aliases() throws KeyStoreException
KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final boolean containsAlias(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
alias
- the alias nameKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final int size() throws KeyStoreException
KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final boolean isKeyEntry(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
setKeyEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
PrivateKeyEntry
or a SecretKeyEntry
.alias
- the alias for the keystore entry to be checkedKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final boolean isCertificateEntry(String alias) throws KeyStoreException
setCertificateEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
TrustedCertificateEntry
.alias
- the alias for the keystore entry to be checkedKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final String getCertificateAlias(Certificate cert) throws KeyStoreException
This method attempts to match the given certificate with each
keystore entry. If the entry being considered was
created by a call to setCertificateEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
TrustedCertificateEntry
,
then the given certificate is compared to that entry's certificate.
If the entry being considered was
created by a call to setKeyEntry
,
or created by a call to setEntry
with a
PrivateKeyEntry
,
then the given certificate is compared to the first
element of that entry's certificate chain.
cert
- the certificate to match with.KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).public final void store(OutputStream stream, char[] password) throws KeyStoreException, IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException
stream
- the output stream to which this keystore is written.password
- the password to generate the keystore integrity checkKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).IOException
- if there was an I/O problem with dataNoSuchAlgorithmException
- if the appropriate data integrity
algorithm could not be foundCertificateException
- if any of the certificates included in
the keystore data could not be storedpublic final void store(KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter param) throws KeyStoreException, IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException
LoadStoreParameter
.param
- the LoadStoreParameter
that specifies how to store the keystore,
which may be null
IllegalArgumentException
- if the given
LoadStoreParameter
input is not recognizedKeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded)IOException
- if there was an I/O problem with dataNoSuchAlgorithmException
- if the appropriate data integrity
algorithm could not be foundCertificateException
- if any of the certificates included in
the keystore data could not be storedpublic final void load(InputStream stream, char[] password) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException
A password may be given to unlock the keystore (e.g. the keystore resides on a hardware token device), or to check the integrity of the keystore data. If a password is not given for integrity checking, then integrity checking is not performed.
In order to create an empty keystore, or if the keystore cannot
be initialized from a stream, pass null
as the stream
argument.
Note that if this keystore has already been loaded, it is reinitialized and loaded again from the given input stream.
stream
- the input stream from which the keystore is loaded,
or null
password
- the password used to check the integrity of
the keystore, the password used to unlock the keystore,
or null
IOException
- if there is an I/O or format problem with the
keystore data, if a password is required but not given,
or if the given password was incorrect. If the error is due to a
wrong password, the cause
of the
IOException
should be an
UnrecoverableKeyException
NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if the algorithm used to check
the integrity of the keystore cannot be foundCertificateException
- if any of the certificates in the
keystore could not be loadedpublic final void load(KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter param) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException
LoadStoreParameter
.
Note that if this KeyStore has already been loaded, it is reinitialized and loaded again from the given parameter.
param
- the LoadStoreParameter
that specifies how to load the keystore,
which may be null
IllegalArgumentException
- if the given
LoadStoreParameter
input is not recognizedIOException
- if there is an I/O or format problem with the
keystore data. If the error is due to an incorrect
ProtectionParameter
(e.g. wrong password)
the cause
of the
IOException
should be an
UnrecoverableKeyException
NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if the algorithm used to check
the integrity of the keystore cannot be foundCertificateException
- if any of the certificates in the
keystore could not be loadedpublic final KeyStore.Entry getEntry(String alias, KeyStore.ProtectionParameter protParam) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableEntryException, KeyStoreException
Entry
for the specified alias
with the specified protection parameter.alias
- get the keystore Entry
for this aliasprotParam
- the ProtectionParameter
used to protect the Entry
,
which may be null
Entry
for the specified alias,
or null
if there is no such entryNullPointerException
- if
alias
is null
NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if the algorithm for recovering the
entry cannot be foundUnrecoverableEntryException
- if the specified
protParam
were insufficient or invalidUnrecoverableKeyException
- if the entry is a
PrivateKeyEntry
or SecretKeyEntry
and the specified protParam
does not contain
the information needed to recover the key (e.g. wrong password)KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded).setEntry(String, KeyStore.Entry, KeyStore.ProtectionParameter)
public final void setEntry(String alias, KeyStore.Entry entry, KeyStore.ProtectionParameter protParam) throws KeyStoreException
Entry
under the specified alias.
The protection parameter is used to protect the
Entry
.
If an entry already exists for the specified alias, it is overridden.
alias
- save the keystore Entry
under this aliasentry
- the Entry
to saveprotParam
- the ProtectionParameter
used to protect the Entry
,
which may be null
NullPointerException
- if
alias
or entry
is null
KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been initialized
(loaded), or if this operation fails for some other reasongetEntry(String, KeyStore.ProtectionParameter)
public final boolean entryInstanceOf(String alias, Class<? extends KeyStore.Entry> entryClass) throws KeyStoreException
Entry
for the specified
alias
is an instance or subclass of the specified
entryClass
.alias
- the alias nameentryClass
- the entry classEntry
for the specified
alias
is an instance or subclass of the
specified entryClass
, false otherwiseNullPointerException
- if
alias
or entryClass
is null
KeyStoreException
- if the keystore has not been
initialized (loaded) Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.